應急照明用的燈具的總稱。消防應急照明系統主要包括事故應急照明、應急出口標志及指示燈，是在發生火災時正常照明電源切斷后，引導被困人員疏散或展開滅火救援行動而設置的。但在日常的檢查中發現，單位在消防應急燈具的選型、安裝和使用過程中存在著許多問題。因此，合理選擇應急照明系統供電控制方式、接線方式，做好日常維護工作，直接影響到消防應急照明系統作用的發揮。在日常生活中，要經常進行檢查，防患未然！

國(guo)內使用的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)以(yi)自(zi)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)獨立(li)控制型(xing)為主(zhu)，正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)接(jie)自(zi)普通照明(ming)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路中(zhong)，平時對應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)切(qie)斷時，備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)（蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）自(zi)動供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)形式(shi)的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)每個燈(deng)具內部都(dou)有(you)變壓(ya)、穩壓(ya)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)、逆變、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等大量(liang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)件，應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)在(zai)使用、檢修、故障時電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)均(jun)需充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。 另一種(zhong)是(shi)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)控制型(xing)，應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)燈(deng)具內無獨立(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，正常照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)故障時，由集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)形式(shi)的應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，所有(you)燈(deng)具內部復雜的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路被省掉了，應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)(ji)照明(ming)燈(deng)具與普通的燈(deng)具無異，集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設置在(zai)專用的房間內。

與(yu)自(zi)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)獨立控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)型(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)相比，集中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)集中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)型(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)便于集中(zhong)(zhong)管(guan)理(li)、用戶自(zi)查、消防(fang)監督檢查、延長(chang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)壽命、提高(gao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)疏散(san)效能等優點(dian)，系(xi)統(tong)可靠性好、使(shi)用壽命長(chang)、維護與(yu)管(guan)理(li)方便、系(xi)統(tong)價格低。但是集中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)集中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)型(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)由于每(mei)個(ge)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)內沒(mei)(mei)有(you)備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池），若(ruo)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路發(fa)(fa)生故(gu)障，則會直(zhi)接影(ying)響到應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明系(xi)統(tong)的正常運行(xing)，所以(yi)對(dui)其供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路敷設有(you)特(te)殊的防(fang)火(huo)要(yao)求。而自(zi)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)獨立控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)型(xing)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)因(yin)為在每(mei)個(ge)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)內都帶有(you)備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池），所以(yi)對(dui)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路沒(mei)(mei)有(you)特(te)殊的要(yao)求，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路故(gu)障并不(bu)會影(ying)響到備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)生作(zuo)用。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)生故(gu)障時一(yi)般也只影(ying)響該(gai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)本身，對(dui)整個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)影(ying)響不(bu)大(da)。

在選(xuan)擇應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈時，應(ying)根據(ju)具(ju)體情況合理選(xuan)擇應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)系(xi)統(tong)。一般來說，新建(jian)工程或設有消(xiao)防控制室的工程，應(ying)盡量(liang)在建(jian)設過程中(zhong)統(tong)一布線，選(xuan)用集(ji)中(zhong)電(dian)源集(ji)中(zhong)控制型(xing)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)；對于小型(xing)場所、后期(qi)整改(gai)或二次裝(zhuang)潢(huang)改(gai)造的工程應(ying)選(xuan)用自帶電(dian)源獨立控制型(xing)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)。